Liquid air energy storage for ancillary services in an integrated hybrid renewable system

High shares of intermittent renewable sources cause volatile frequency movements that could jeopardize the continuous operation grid. Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is an emerging technology not only helps with decarbonisation energy sectors, but also has potentials for reliable ancillary services. In this paper, a hybrid LAES, wind turbine (WT), and battery storage system (BESS) used to investigate their contributions in fast control. The inertial control, droop control combined terms are applied on each source comprehensive analysis conducted study impacts nadir improvement. shows LAES along WT BESS provide To further improve nadir, Fuzzy proposed LAES. provides more adaptive performance against disturbances. Also, experimental tests validate method using real-time hardware-in-the-loop test rig. simulation results show can significantly contribute when variable gain schemes implemented.